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1月6日
天 坛 祈 福
Pray in the Temple of Heaven
祭天作为人类祈求神灵赐福攘灾的一种文化行为，曾经是古代先民生活中的重要组成部分。中国人非常敬天，天坛是北京非常知名的景点。这也是古代人以农为主，靠天吃饭，所以，为了祈求风调雨顺、五谷丰登，无论是皇帝还是百姓，对天神都非常敬重。中国古代帝王自称“天子”，他们对天更是非常崇敬。
Asa kind of cultural behavior in which human beings pray for god to bless them,worshipping Temple of Heaven was once an important part of the life of ancientancestors. The Temple of Heaven is a very famous scenic spot in Beijing becauseancient people’s major work was agriculture, which depended on the weather. Soin order to pray for good weather and the grain harvest, whether the emperor orthe people, they all respected the god. Ancient Chinese emperors calledthemselves “sons of heaven”, and they venerated heaven even more.
中国从传说中的“三皇五帝”时代至清末，一直举行祭天典礼，绵延约五千余年，可谓渊远流长。据史料记载，中国古代有正式祭祀天地的活动，可追溯到公元前两千年，尚处于奴隶制社会的夏朝。
From the legendary “three emperors andfive emperors” era to the end of the Qing dynasty, China has been holdingworshipping ceremony for more than 5,000 years, which can be described as along history. According to historical records, there were official sacrificesto heaven and earth in ancient China, which can be traced back to 2000 BC inthe slave society of the Xia dynasty.
中国知名天坛有2个，分别位于北京和西安，西安的天坛建的早，是隋唐皇帝祭天的地方。但北京的天坛最大，是中国保存下来的最大祭坛建筑群，也是世界上最大的祭天建筑群。北京天坛以严谨的建筑布局、奇特的建筑构造和瑰丽的建筑装饰著称于世。总占地面积约270万平方米，被评为中国重点文物保护单位，国家5A级旅游景区，1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”。
Thereare two famous Temples of Heaven in China, one is in Beijing and the other in Xian. But the Temple of Heaven in Beijing is the largest preserved altar complexin China and the largest temple complex in the world. The Temple of Heaven inBeijing is famous for its precise architectural layout, peculiar architecturalstructure and magnificent architectural decoration. Covering an area of about2.7 million square meters, it has been rated as a key cultural relic protectionunit in China and a national 5A tourist attraction. It was recognized as a”World Cultural Heritage” by UNESCO in 1998.
北京天坛在北京市南部，东城区永定门内大街东侧，始建于明永乐十八年，也就是1420年，清乾隆、光绪时曾重修改建，是明、清两代帝王祭祀皇天、祈五谷丰登的场所。
TheTemple of Heaven is in the south of Beijing, east of YongDingmenneiStreet in DongchengDistrict.It was built in 1420, the 18th year of Yongle in Ming dynasty.
天坛有坛墙两重，分为内坛和外坛。坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。内坛西墙内有斋宫，是祀前皇帝斋戒的居所。外坛西墙内有神乐署、牺牲所等。
TheTemple of Heaven has two walls, which are divided into inner altar and outeraltar. The altar wall is round in south and cubic in north, which symbolizesthe round heaven and cubic ground. The west wall of the inner altar has a Zhaipalace, which is the residence of the former emperor of sacrificial fasting.Outside the western wall of the altar, there are kamikaze, sacrifice, etc.
天坛的主要建筑物都在内坛。内坛的南面有圜丘坛、皇穹宇，北面有祈年殿、皇乾殿，一条贯通南北的甬道－－丹陛桥，把这二组建筑连接起来。
Themain buildings of the Temple of Heaven are in the inner altar. The inner altaris circular mound altar to the south and royal vault to the north, where thereis Qilian hall and Huanggan hall, and a north-south passage – Danbi bridge,connecting the two groups of buildings.
外坛古柏苍郁，环绕着内坛，使主要建筑群显得庄严宏伟。坛内还有巧妙运用声学原理建造的三音石、回音壁、对话石等，充分显示出古代中国建筑工艺的发达水平。
The ancient cypress outside the temple isgreen, surrounded by the inner altar, making the main buildings appear solemnand magnificent. There are also three sound stones, echo wall, dialogue stoneand so on, which are built with acoustics principles, fully showing thedeveloped level of ancient Chinese architectural technology.
先说一下最神奇的的三音石。从外坛皇穹宇殿前甬路从北面数，前三块石板即为“三音石”。当你站在第一块石板上击一下掌，只能听见一声回音；当你站在第二块石板上击一下掌就可以听见两声回音；当你站在第三块石板上击一下掌便听到连续不断的三声回音，这就是为什么人们把这三块石板称为三音石的原因，也有人专门把第三块石板称为“三音石”。
Let’s talk about the most amazing tritonstone. From the outer TanhuangQiangyu temple front Yonglu from the north, thefirst three stone is the “three tone stone.” When you stand on thefirst stone, you clap your hands, but only hear an echo. When you stand on thesecond stone, you can hear two echoes with a slap of the hand. When you standon the third stone, you will hear three continuous echoes with a slap of thehand, which is why people call these three stone tablets as the three tonestone, and also some people specially call the third stone “three tonestone”.
回音壁是外坛皇穹宇院落周围的圆形围墙，墙高约3.72米，厚0.9米，墙身用来自山东临清砖磨砖对缝，蓝琉璃筒瓦顶，这就是著名的“回音壁”。皇穹宇圆形院落的墙壁自然形成音波折射体，磨砖对缝的砌墙方式使墙体结构十分紧密，墙的表面直径651米，围墙高3.27米。当人们分别站在东西配殿的后面靠近墙壁轻声讲话，虽然双方距离相距很远，但是可以非常清楚地听见对方讲话的声音。主要是古人研究到圆形十分光滑，对音波的折射较强。
The echo wall is the circular wall aroundthe courtyard of the outer altar emperor. The wall is about 3.72 meters highand 0.9 meters thick. The wall is made of bricks from Linqing, Shandongprovince. The walls of the royal dome-shaped circular courtyard naturally forma sound wave refracted body. The way of laying bricks against joints makes thewall structure very close. The surface diameter of the wall is 651 meters, andthe height of the wall is 3.27 meters. When people stand at the back of theeast and west side hall to speak softly near the wall, although the two sides arefar away from each other, people can hear each other speaking very clearly. Itis mainly because the ancient people learned that the circle is very smooth andhas strong refraction to the sound wave.
祈年殿里的金丝楠木也很有讲究，中间4根叫龙井柱，象征着一年的春夏秋冬四季；中层十二根大柱比龙井柱略细，叫金柱，象征一年的12个月；外层12根柱子叫檐柱，象征一天的12个时辰。中外两层柱子共24根，象征24节气。
The Phoebe zhennan S. Lee in the hall ofprayer for good harvest is also very particular about, the middle 4 called Longjingcolumn, symbolizing the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons of a year; thetwelve large pillars in the middle layer are thinner than those in Longjing,and they are called gold pillars, symbolizing the 12 months of a year. Theouter 12 pillars are called eaves pillars, symbolizing the 12 hours of the day.Chinese and foreign columns are 24 in total, symbolizing 24 solar terms.
皇帝每次来敬天祈福，都要在斋宫斋戒，以表达天子对皇天上帝的虔诚之心。祭天时还有祭天的礼仪，融礼、乐、歌、舞为一体，用音乐同昊天对话，以舞蹈欢娱上苍，营造天人对越的神奇意境，追求天人合一的至高理想。
Each time the emperor came to worshipheaven for blessing, they have to go into the Zhai palacein order to expressthe son of heaven to god’s piety. When offering sacrifices to heaven, there isthe ritual of offering sacrifices to heaven. The ceremony, music, songs anddances are integrated into the compound. Music is used to communicate with theheaven, to entertain heaven with dance, to create a magical artistic conceptionof heaven and people, and to pursue the highest ideal of the unity of heavenand people.
祈年殿西柏树林西侧，有北京城最大的一片丁香林，占地6300平方米，种有丁香240丛，树龄近50年，十分少见。
On the west side of Qinian Palace westcypress forest, there is the largest clove forest in Beijing, covering an areaof 6,300 square meters with 240 kinds of cloves.
天坛的菊花也很有名，天坛的菊花品种多、养护水平高，如果秋天去天坛游玩，可以看到天坛菊花之中的名品“瑞雪祈年”和“丹陛金狮”等。
ThechrysanthemumTemple of Heaven are also very famous, thekinds and themaintenance levelof the chrysanthemumofTemple of Heaven chrysanthemum is high, so if you go to the Temple of Heaveninfall, you can see the Temple of Heaven in the famous products “Winter SnowSignifies a Year of Good Crops. ” and the “Golden Lionof Danbi”.
一. 中英文作者简介
中文作者简介：徐进，作家，编辑，生于山东兖州，文学学士，山东师范大学中文系新闻专业毕业，而后又就读于山东省委党校涉外经济管理、中国人民大学汉语言文学和山东大学经济管理学院工商管理MBA研究生班。在山东济宁电视台一线工作30年，目前为济宁电视台栏目制片人，主任编辑，已经出版《那一片青春的时空》《大记者妈妈教小记者女儿写作文》2本书，指导的学生作文多次在全国省市获奖，撰稿编导的电视作品先后50多次荣获全国、省、市级奖励，20多篇论文先后在发表在《电视研究》、《南方电视学刊》、《山东视听》、《现代视听》、《理论学习》等全国核心期刊上并获奖，在中央电视台、山东电视台、中国黄河电视台和美国斯科拉电视台刊发专题20多部，多次被评为山东电视台优秀通讯员、济宁市委宣传部、济宁广播电视局台先进工作者、济宁电视台建台25周年突出贡献奖等，名字被收入《世界华人文学艺术界名人录》、《科学中国人—中国专家人才库》等。
英文作者简介：宋和煦，北京中国地质大学外国语学院学生，山东省三好学生、00后十大少年作家、叶圣陶杯全国十佳小作家、雨花杯全国十佳文学少年、文心雕龙杯全国优秀小作家、语文周报全国校园文学之星，第十届全国青少年“中华情·中国梦”活动形象大使、联合国儿童基金会儿童福利小小义务宣传员、中国散文学会会员、中国少年作家学会副主席。作品在《中学生》《杂文报》《作文周刊》《中国中学生报》《新作文》《语文周报》《疯狂作文》《雪花精彩阅读》和当地报刊发表，作品先后40多次获得全国、省、市奖，已经出版《00后九人诗选》《春风和煦花正开》《最美的遇见》《玉痕的味道》《有个铃铛爱旅行》《大记者妈妈教小记者女儿写作文》等六本书；文章被收入多部文集；个人成长事迹被《中学生》报头版头条、《年轻人》《课堂内外创新作文》《学语文之友》《疯狂作文》《七彩语文》《新作文》《初中生写作》中国少年作家网、浙江萧然校园文学网等多家媒体报道。
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